苏格兰牧羊犬

葡萄酒杯

Collie Breed Standard Herding Group Rough General Character The Collie is a lithe, strong, responsive, active dog, carrying no useless timber, standing naturally straight and firm. The deep, moderately wide chest shows strength, the sloping shoulders and well-bent hocks indicate speed and grace, and the face shows high intelligence. The Collie presents an impressive, proud picture of true balance, each part being in harmonious proportion to every other part and to the whole. Except for the technical description that is essential to this Standard and without which no Standard for the guidance of breeders and judges is adequate, it could be stated simply that no part of the Collie ever seems to be out of proportion to any other part. Timidity, frailness, sullenness, viciousness, lack of animation, cumbersome appearance and lack of over-all balance impair the general character. Head The head properties are of great importance. When considered in proportion to the size of the dog the head is inclined to lightness and never appears massive. A heavy-headed dog lacks the necessary bright, alert, full-of-sense look that contributes so greatly to expression. Both in front and profile view the head bears a general resemblance to a well-blunted lean wedge, being smooth and clean in outline and nicely balanced in proportion. On the sides it tapers gradually and smoothly from the ears to the end of the black nose, without being flared out in backskull (cheeky) or pinched in muzzle (snipy). In profile view the top of the backskull and the top of the muzzle lie in two approximately parallel, straight planes of equal length, divided by a very slight but perceptible stop or break. A mid-point between the inside corners of the eyes (which is the center of a correctly placed stop) is the center of balance in length of head. The end of the smooth, well-rounded muzzle is blunt but not square. The underjaw is strong, clean-cut and the depth of skull from the brow to the under part of the jaw is not excessive. The teeth are of good size, meeting in a scissors bite. Overshot or undershot jaws are undesirable, the latter being more severely penalized. There is a very slight prominence of the eyebrows. The backskull is flat, without receding either laterally or backward and the occipital bone is not highly peaked. The proper width of backskull necessarily depends upon the combined length of skull and muzzle and the width of the backskull is less than its length. Thus the correct width varies with the individual and is dependent upon the extent to which it is supported by length of muzzle. Because of the importance of the head characteristics, prominent head faults are very severely penalized. Eyes Because of the combination of the flat skull, the arched eyebrows, the slight stop and the rounded muzzle, the foreface must be chiseled to form a receptacle for the eyes and they are necessarily placed obliquely to give them the required forward outlook. Except for the blue merles, they are required to be matched in color. They are almond-shaped, of medium size and never properly appear to be large or prominent. The color is dark and the eye does not show a yellow ring or a sufficiently prominent haw to affect the dog\'s expression. The eyes have a clear, bright appearance, expressing intelligent inquisitiveness, particularly when the ears are drawn up and the dog is on the alert. In blue merles, dark brown eyes are preferable, but either or both eyes may be merle or china in color without specific penalty. A large, round, full eye seriously detracts from the desired sweet expression. Eye faults are heavily penalized. Ears The ears are in proportion to the size of the head and, if they are carried properly and unquestionably break naturally, are seldom too small. Large ears usually cannot be lifted correctly off the head, and even if lifted, they will be out of proportion to the size of the head. When in repose the ears are folded lengthwise and thrown back into the frill. On the alert they are drawn well up on the backskull and are carried about three-quarters erect, with about one-fourth of the ear tipping or breaking forward. A dog with prick ears or low ears cannot show true expression and is penalized accordingly. Neck The neck is firm, clean, muscular, sinewy and heavily frilled. It is fairly long, carried upright with a slight arch at the nape and imparts a proud, upstanding appearance showing off the frill. Body The body is firm, hard and muscular, a trifle long in proportion to the height. The ribs are well-rounded behind the well-sloped shoulders and the chest is deep, extending to the elbows. The back is strong and level, supported by powerful hips and thighs and the croup is sloped to give a well-rounded finish. The loin is powerful and slightly arched. Noticeably fat dogs, or dogs in poor flesh, or with skin disease, or with no undercoat are out of condition and are moderately penalized accordingly. Legs The forelegs are straight and muscular, with a fair amount of bone considering the size of the dog. A cumbersome appearance is undesirable. Both narrow and wide placement are penalized. The forearm is moderately fleshy and the pasterns are flexible but without weakness. The hind legs are less fleshy, muscular at the thighs, very sinewy and the hocks and stifles are well bent. A cowhocked dog or a dog with straight stifles is penalized. The comparatively small feet are approximately oval in shape. The soles are well padded and tough, and the toes are well arched and close together. When the Collie is not in motion the legs and feet are judged by allowing the dog to come to a natural stop in a standing position so that both the forelegs and the hind legs are placed well apart, with the feet extending straight forward. Excessive \"posing\"is undesirable. Gait Gait is sound. When the dog is moved at a slow trot toward an observer its straight front legs track comparatively close together at the ground. The front legs are not out at the elbows, do not \"crossover,\" nor does the dog move with a choppy, pacing or rolling gait. When viewed from the rear the hind legs are straight, tracking comparatively close together at the ground. At a moderate trot the hind legs are powerful and propelling. Viewed from the side the reasonably long, \"reaching\" stride is smooth and even, keeping the back line firm and level. As the speed of the gait is increased the Collie single tracks, bringing the front legs inward in a straight line from the shoulder toward the center line of the body and the hind legs inward in a straight line from the hip toward the center line of the body. The gait suggests effortless speed combined with the dog\'s herding heritage, requiring it to be capable of changing its direction of travel almost instantaneously. Tail The tail is moderately long, the bone reaching to the hock joint or below. It is carried low when the dog is quiet, the end having an upward twist or swirl. When gaited or when the dog is excited it is carried gaily but not over the back. Coat The well-fitting, proper-textured coat is the crowning glory of the rough variety of Collie. It is abundant except on the head and legs. The outer coat is straight and harsh to the touch. A soft, open outer coat or a curly outer coat, regardless of quantity is penalized. The undercoat, however, is soft, furry and so close together that it is difficult to see the skin when the hair is parted. The coat is very abundant on the mane and frill. The face or mask is smooth. The forelegs are smooth and well feathered to the back of the pasterns. The hind legs are smooth below the hock joints. Any feathering below the hocks is removed for the show ring. The hair on the tail is very profuse and on the hips it is long and bushy. The texture, quantity and the extent to which the coat \"fits the dog\" are important points. Color The four recognized colors are \"Sable and White,\" \"Tri-color,\" \"Blue Merle\" and \"White.\" There is no preference among them. The \"Sable and White\" is predominantly sable (a fawn sable color of varying shades from light gold to dark mahogany) with white markings usually on the chest, neck, legs, feet and the tip of the tail. A blaze may appear on the foreface or backskull or both. The \"Tri-color\" is predominantly black, carrying white markings as in a \"Sable and White\" and has tan shadings on and about the head and legs. The \"Blue Merle\" is a mottled or \"marbled\" color predominantly blue-grey and black with white markings as in the \"Sable and White\" and usually has tan shadings as in the \"Tri-color.\" The \"White\" is predominantly white, preferably with sable, tri-color or blue merle markings. Size Dogs are from 24 to 26 inches at the shoulder and weigh from 60 to 75 pounds. Bitches are from 22 to 24 inches at the shoulder, weighing from 50 to 65 pounds. An undersize or an oversize Collie is penalized according to the extent to which the dog appears to be undersize or oversize. Expression Expression is one of the most important points in considering the relative value of Collies. Expression, like the term character is difficult to define in words. It is not a fixed point as in color, weight or height and it is something the uninitiated can properly understand only by optical illustration. In general, however, it may be said to be the combined product of the shape and balance of the skull and muzzle, the placement, size, shape and color of the eye and the position, size and carriage of the ears. An expression that shows sullenness or which is suggestive of any other breed is entirely foreign. The Collie cannot be judged properly until its expression has been carefully evaluated. Smooth The Smooth Variety of Collie is judged by the same Standard as the Rough Variety, except that the references to the quantity and distribution of the coat are not applicable to the Smooth Variety, which has a short, hard, dense, flat coat of good texture, with an abundance of undercoat. Approved May 10, 1977
苏格兰牧羊犬AKC标准 [粗毛型简介 ] 柯利犬是一种柔韧、结实、积极、活泼的品种，意味着他没有无价值的地方， 自然站立时，整齐而稳固。深、且宽度适中的胸部显示出力量，倾斜的肩胛和 适度弯曲的飞节显示出速度和优雅，脸部显示出非常高的智商。柯利犬给人的 印象深刻，是自信的化身、代表真正的和谐，每一部分都与其他部分及整体构 成完美、和谐的比例。除了在这个标准中所描述的技术细节外，繁殖者和裁判 脱离标准也能判断出柯利犬的优劣，其实这很简单，只要没有任何一个部分与 其他部分有不比例协调之处就对了。胆怯、脆弱、易怒、缺少生气、外观笨重 、缺乏整体平衡都会削弱柯利犬的整体外观得分。 [头部] 头部是至关重要的部分。与整体结构比例协调的头部应该显得轻盈，且决不显 示出任何沉重的迹象。沉重的头部无法表现出欢快、警惕、充满理性等必要的 表情。不论从前面还是从侧面观察头部，共同之处在于都可以明显地观察到倾 斜的楔形。轮廓清晰、平顺，精致且比例协调。从侧面观察，从耳朵到黑色鼻 镜方向，头部逐渐变细，但后脑不向外扩张（厚脸皮），口吻也没有突然变窄 的样子（象被截断的口吻）。观察脑袋的轮廓和口吻的轮廓，是两条大致平行 的直线，长度大致相等，被一个非常轻微，但可察觉的止部分隔开。两个内眼角的中点（止部的中点）正好是整个头部长度的中点。 平滑、且丰满的口吻末端，形状比较钝，但不能呈直角形。下颚结实，轮廓清晰，深度（从眉骨到下颚的距离）不夸张。牙齿排列整齐，剪状咬和。上颚突出式咬和及下颚突出式咬和都属于缺陷，后者会受到更严厉的处罚。眉骨突出（非常轻微）。脑袋平坦，既不向侧面退缩、也不向后面退缩，且后枕骨也不非常突出。正确的后脑必须依*脑袋和口吻的长度所构成，同时，后脑的宽度要小于长度。因此，不同的个体，正确的宽度是不同的，必须依赖于口吻的长度及宽度。由于头部特征是非常重要的，所以明显的头部缺陷会受到严厉的惩罚。 [眼睛] 由于头部由平坦的脑袋、拱形的眉毛、轻微的止部、圆形的口吻组成，所以前额必须轮廓分明，留给眼窝的位置只能略微倾斜，这样才能有比较好的前方视野。除了芸石色犬外，眼睛的颜色必须匹配。眼睛形状为杏仁形，中等大小，既不太大，也不突出。眼睛的颜色为暗黑色，不能因为瞳孔周围有黄圈，或瞬膜显露出来，而影响了狗的表情。眼睛清澈、欢快，显示出聪明、好奇，尤其是当耳朵竖起，非常警惕的时候。芸石色的狗，深褐色的眼睛最为理想，但是两个眼睛或单个眼睛为兰色或灰色是允许的。大、圆、突出的眼睛会严重影响狗的甜蜜表情，属于缺陷。眼睛的缺陷会受到严重处罚。 [耳朵] 耳朵的尺寸应该与头部呈正确的比例，耳朵天生呈准确的半立耳姿态是很少见的。耳朵过大，通常无法举起，即使能举起，它们的尺寸与头部的比例也不协调。休息时，耳朵向前折叠，呈半立耳姿态。警惕时，耳朵会在脑袋上竖起，保持3/4部分是直立的，1/4的耳朵尖向前折叠。如果狗的耳朵为立耳或耳朵位置太低，而无法显露出正确的表情，将会因此受到处罚。 [颈部] 颈部稳固，整洁，肌肉发达，有大量饰毛。长度恰当，竖直向上举着，颈背略微圆拱，显示出自豪，直立的姿态可以更好的展示饰毛。 [身躯] 身躯稳固、坚实、且肌肉发达，比例上，体长略大于身高。肋骨扩张良好，在适度倾斜的肩胛之后，胸部深，深度达到肘部。背部结实且水平，由有力的臀部和大腿支撑着，臀部倾斜，形成一个漂亮完美的圆弧形。腰部有力且圆拱。过度肥胖、缺少肌肉、皮肤病、由于健康条件不好而缺少底毛、都属于缺陷并适当惩罚。 [腿] 前肢直，且肌肉发达，骨量充足，与整体协调。不应该显得笨重。前肢距离太近或太远都属于缺陷。前臂适度丰满，而骹骨柔韧但不软弱。后腿不那么丰满，大腿肌肉发达且非常有力，飞节和膝关节适度倾斜。牛肢或后膝关节过直都属于缺陷。足爪相当小，呈卵形。脚垫厚实而坚韧，脚趾圆拱且紧密。当柯利犬不运动时，允许为他摆造型（按自然站立的姿势，将前后肢都分开恰当的距离，足爪都笔直向前）。但过分“摆造型”是不合需要的。 [步态] 步态坚实。当狗以慢速小跑，面对裁判走来时，可以观察到前肢很直，足爪在地面的落点非常*近。肘部不向外翻，没有“交*”步，步伐没有起伏、也没有踱步、更没有滚动式步态。从后面观察时，后腿直，足爪在地面的落点非常*近。在中速小跑时，后腿提供了强大的驱动力。从侧面观察，步幅大，前肢的伸展非常顺畅而平滑，使背线保持水平和稳固。 当速度增加后，柯利犬的足迹趋向于单一轨迹，就是说，前肢从肩部开始呈一直线，向身体中心线倾斜；后肢从臀部开始呈一直线，向身体中心线倾斜。作为牧羊犬，要求其步态中，能随意改变速度，并且有能力在几乎瞬间改变行进方向。 [尾巴] 尾巴长度适中，能延伸到飞节或更低。当他休息时，尾巴下垂，但尾巴尖向上扭曲或呈旋涡是这个品种的特点。当狗在运动时或兴奋时，尾巴欢快地举起，但不应该高过背平面。 [被毛] 合身、且质地正确的被毛，对粗毛柯利犬而言，是无比的光荣。除了在头部和腿部以外的位置，毛发都非常丰厚。外层披毛直、触觉为粗硬。如果外层披毛柔软、敞开、或卷曲，那么不论毛量如何，都属于缺陷。底毛柔软、浓厚、紧贴身体，以至于分开毛发都很难看见皮肤。鬃毛和饰毛的毛发都非常丰富。脸部毛发短而平滑。前肢毛发短而平滑，骹骨后方长有羽状饰毛。后腿在飞节以下部分的毛发短而平滑。比赛中，飞节以下部分的羽状饰毛都需要修剪掉。尾巴上的毛发异常丰厚，且臀部的毛发也又长又浓密。被毛质地、毛量、及范围（被毛“合身”于否）都是非常重要的指标。 [颜色] 有四种颜色是被承认的，他们分别是：黄白色；三色；芸石色；白色。四种颜色没有优劣之分。“黄白色”是以黄色（驼色，深浅程度从浅金色到暗桃木色不等）为主，带白色斑纹。白色斑纹主要出现在胸部、颈部、腿、足爪、尾巴尖等位置。前额和脑袋可能出现白筋（两处都有或只有一处）。“三色”是以黑色为主要色调，与黄白色一样带有白色斑纹，在头部和腿部有茶褐色阴影。“芸石色”是杂色或大理石色，通常是兰灰色和黑色为主要颜色，与黄白色一样带有白色斑纹，通常带有与三色一样的茶褐色阴影。“白色”是以白色为主，最好带有黄色、三色或芸石色斑纹。 [大小] 雄性肩高约在24~26英寸，体重约60~75磅。雌性肩高约在22~24英寸，体重约50~65磅。身高或体重超过标准、或不足标准的柯利犬，将根据其背离的程度进行扣分。 [表情] 表情是评价柯利犬的最重要指标之一。表情很难用抽象词汇，很学术的描述出来。不象颜色、体重、身高等具体物理特征，也很难用图形表达。但是，脑袋与口吻的比例、位置、尺寸、形状，眼睛的颜色、位置、大小，耳朵的方向等还是可以描述的。表情所表达的情绪或许与其他品种完全不同。所以，柯利犬的表情至今无法准确评判，需要谨慎对待。 [短毛型] 短毛型柯利犬的评判标准与粗毛型柯利犬完全一致，除了对被毛的评判要求。短毛型的被毛短、硬、浓密、平贴身体，质地良好；底毛非常丰厚

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